A Discussion Paper on Caste to Consumption The Enduring Power of the Consumer Caste System

Abstract : This paper critically examines how India's historical caste system has transformed into a "consumer caste system," where social status is determined by visible consumption rather than traditional ritual hierarchies. It explores the interplay between caste, class, and consumption in shaping identity and aspirations in post-liberalisation India. Drawing from interdisciplinary literature, the paper identifies psychological and economic consequences such as reduced wellbeing, rising debt, and persistent inequality. The study calls for a redefinition of success beyond material symbols and advocates for cultural and policy shifts to disrupt status-based consumption